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Citrullination - Wikipedia

The chemical conversion of arginine to citrulline, known as citrullination or deimination. Citrullination or deimination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline.Citrulline is not one of the 20 standard amino acids encoded by DNA in the genetic code.Instead, it is the result of a post-translational modification.Citrullination is distinct from the formation of the free amino acid citrulline as part of the urea cycle or as a byproduct of enzymes ...

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Nih

An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune ...

Citrullination is one of these modifications, where an arginine amino acid is converted to a citrulline amino acid. This process depends on catalytic enzymes such as peptidylarginine ... A protein undergoes many types of posttranslation modification. Citrullination is one of these modifications, where an arginine amino acid is converted to a citrulline amino acid. ... utilizing the inability of trypsin to cleave after citrullinated amino acids. Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics. 2013;6 ...

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Citrullination in the pathology of inflammatory and autoimmune ...

Keywords: Immune disorders, COVID-19, Cancer, Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), Anti-citrullinated proteins antibodies (ACPAs), Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) Introduction. Post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins include covalent changes taking place on the amino acid side chain leading to the addition of a chemical group, such as acetyl, methyl, phosphoryl, glycosyl, which significantly change the properties of a protein, its conformation, ...

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Citrullination in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Process Promoted by Neutrophil ...

Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are highly specific serologic markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can pre-date clinical disease onset by up to 10 years, also predicting erosive disease. The process of citrullination, the post-translational conversion of arginine to citrulline residues, is mediated by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes present in polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs).

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Nature

A quantitative and site-specific atlas of the citrullinome reveals ...

The peptide arrays each contained 75,460 17-amino-acid peptides from the following groups: citrullinated sites and their unmodified counterparts, peptides with multiple citrullination sites on the ...

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Nature

Citrullination modulates antigen processing and presentation by ...

Citrullination induces both proximal and distal changes in processing relative to citrullinated sites in the linear amino acid sequence. To investigate the relationship between citrulline residues ...

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Nature

Site-specific incorporation of citrulline into proteins in mammalian ...

Citrullination is a post-translational modification (PTM) that involves the hydrolysis of the positively charged guanidium group on arginine to generate a neutral urea (Fig. 1a) 1.Citrullination ...

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Wiley

Recent advances in characterization of citrullination and its ...

With this, citrullinated peptides in the mixture could be identified by comparison of the peptide mass fingerprint of a modified and an unmodified version of the same sample. The reaction conditions, including pH and incubation time, were then optimized, with synthetic peptides, and validated using a digest of citrullinated fibrinogen, a protein highly implicated in citrullination-mediated disease pathogenesis . It should be emphasized that the use of an acidic reaction environment ...

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Sciencedirect

Citrullination: A posttranslational modification in health and disease ...

The conversion of arginine (Arg) to citrulline (Cit) changes the charge of the amino acid (Fig. 1).Arginine is strongly basic (pI . ∼ 10.76) due to the presence of a guanidino group that could easily be protonated at physiological pH.. The removal of the imino moiety (a transformation referred to as deimination) is an enzymatic reaction catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD).

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Optimizing the Identification of Citrullinated Peptides by Mass ...

Table 1: The complete list of synthetic peptides (SP) derived from human proteins, along with protein accession number, amino acid position, the reference to the citrullinated protein, and the observed RT shift between the citrulline and arginine version of the peptide. Bold letters indicates expected tryptic cleavage sites, and Cit indicates citrulline.

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